Is war a human universal

War is often considered a human universal due to its presence in various cultures throughout history, suggesting that conflict and organized violence are inherent aspects of human societies. Anthropological studies indicate that while the forms and reasons for warfare may vary, the phenomenon itself appears across different civilizations. However, some argue that not all societies engage in war, indicating that it may not be an absolute universal but rather a recurring aspect of certain social structures. Ultimately, the prevalence of war in human history reflects complex social, economic, and political factors rather than an innate human predisposition.