How did mesopotmian farmers alter their environmental?

Mesopotamian farmers altered their environment primarily through the development of irrigation systems, which allowed them to divert water from rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates to their fields. This enabled them to cultivate crops in otherwise arid regions, increasing agricultural productivity. They also practiced techniques such as crop rotation and the use of fertilizers to enhance soil fertility. Additionally, deforestation for land clearance and building materials further transformed the landscape to support their agricultural needs.