How does a dinoflagellate harm humans?

Dinoflagellates can harm humans primarily through the production of harmful algal blooms (HABs), which are often referred to as "red tides." These blooms can produce toxins that contaminate shellfish, leading to shellfish poisoning when consumed by humans. Additionally, some dinoflagellates can cause respiratory issues or skin irritation when their toxins become aerosolized and are inhaled or come into contact with skin. The economic impact on fisheries and tourism can also be substantial due to beach closures and reduced seafood safety.