Can you use a rough opening for a prehung interior door that is only 1 34 wider than the door itself?

Sure you can, as long as its 1 3/4" bigger uniformly top to bottom. 2 "s is ideally better since with the extra width you can tilt the door to allow for out of plumb openings, but as long the opening is plumb, or if not, you don't care that it's not perfectly plumb, then go for it! You're just going to have a little less room to play with.