What are Components of local anesthesia?

Local anesthesia typically consists of three main components: an anesthetic agent, a vasoconstrictor, and a preservative. The anesthetic agent, such as lidocaine or bupivacaine, blocks nerve signals in a specific area to prevent pain. Vasoconstrictors, like epinephrine, are added to prolong the anesthetic effect and reduce bleeding by constricting blood vessels. Preservatives, such as sodium metabisulfite, help maintain the stability and efficacy of the anesthetic solution.