What does variation mean in music term?

In music, variation refers to the technique of altering a theme or melody while retaining its core identity. This can involve changes in harmony, rhythm, dynamics, or instrumentation, creating different interpretations of the original material. Variations are often used in compositions to develop musical ideas and provide contrast, keeping the listener engaged. This form is commonly found in genres such as Classical Music, where composers like Beethoven and Bach employed variations extensively.