What was the Columbian Exchange between Europe and the Americas?

The Columbian Exchange was a widespread transfer of plants, animals, cultures, human populations, technology, and diseases between the Americas and Europe following Christopher Columbus's voyages in the late 15th century. It introduced crops like potatoes, tomatoes, and maize to Europe, while Europeans brought livestock, grains, and diseases such as smallpox to the Americas. This exchange significantly impacted both continents' economies, diets, and Demographics, leading to profound social and cultural changes. However, it also resulted in the decimation of Indigenous populations in the Americas due to disease and violence.