What is the electoral college under the Articles of Confederation?

Under the Articles of Confederation, there was no electoral college as we understand it today. The Articles, which were ratified in 1781, established a weak central government and did not provide for a national executive or president. Instead, states had the authority to select their representatives to the Congress, which lacked the power to enforce laws or levy taxes effectively. The concept of an electoral college was introduced later in the U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1788, to formalize the process of electing the president.