How can I effectively prevent and remove black algae in my freshwater aquarium?

To effectively prevent and remove black algae in your freshwater aquarium, you can follow these steps:

1. Maintain proper water parameters such as pH, temperature, and ammonia levels.
2. Ensure adequate water circulation and filtration to prevent stagnant areas where algae can thrive.
3. Regularly clean the aquarium and remove any debris or uneaten food.
4. Introduce algae-eating fish or invertebrates like snails or shrimp to help control algae growth.
5. Use an algae scraper or brush to manually remove black algae from surfaces in the aquarium.
6. Consider reducing the amount of light exposure to the tank, as excessive light can promote algae growth.
7. Use algae-control products or treatments specifically designed for freshwater aquariums, following the instructions carefully.

By following these steps consistently, you can effectively prevent and remove black algae in your freshwater aquarium.