How do extrusive rocks reach the earths surface?

Extrusive rocks reach the Earth's surface primarily through volcanic activity. When magma from beneath the Earth's crust erupts through volcanic vents or fissures, it becomes lava, which cools and solidifies upon exposure to the atmosphere. This process can occur during explosive eruptions or through the more gentle flow of lava, leading to the formation of various volcanic rocks, such as basalt and pumice. Over time, repeated eruptions can build up volcanic landforms, contributing to the Earth's surface geology.