For circular motion to occur, there must be a centripetal force( a force that is always directed towards the centre of the circle).
The centripetal force is defined as F = mv2/r
Where F is the centripetal force, m is the mass of the orbiting body, v is the velocity of the body, and r is the distance to the centre of the circle.
If you whirl a conker above your head, the centripetal force is provided by the tension of the string. For a planet orbiting the sun, the centripetal force is provided by gravity.
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