What are the four factors that lead to flooding?

The four primary factors that lead to flooding are heavy rainfall, rapid snowmelt, storm surges from hurricanes or tropical storms, and the overflow of rivers or lakes due to excessive precipitation. Urbanization can exacerbate flooding by increasing surface runoff through impervious surfaces, while poor drainage systems may also contribute to flood conditions. Additionally, changes in land use and climate change can impact rainfall patterns and increase the frequency and intensity of flooding events.