Who gained and lost from the size of Hammurabi's empire?

Hammurabi's empire, which expanded significantly during his reign, benefited the Babylonian elite and merchants who gained access to new trade routes and resources, leading to increased wealth and power. However, the common people and conquered territories often suffered under heavy taxation and strict laws, which could lead to social unrest and oppression. Additionally, neighboring states lost their autonomy and resources as they were absorbed into Hammurabi's expanding empire. Overall, the benefits of the empire primarily favored the ruling class while imposing burdens on the lower classes and subjugated regions.