The Olmecs are considered one of the earliest complex civilizations in Mesoamerica, flourishing around 1200 to 400 BCE in present-day southern Mexico. They are known for their monumental stone heads, intricate jade carvings, and the development of early writing and a calendar system. The Olmecs had a significant influence on later cultures in the region, laying the groundwork for subsequent civilizations such as the Maya and Aztecs. Their society was likely centered around agriculture, trade, and religious practices.
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