What is the pathopysiology of pressure ulcers?

Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, develop due to prolonged pressure on the skin, leading to localized ischemia and tissue damage. This pressure impedes blood flow, depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause cell death. Contributing factors include shear forces, friction, and moisture, which further compromise skin integrity. As the condition progresses, it can lead to the breakdown of skin and underlying tissues, resulting in painful sores that can become infected if not properly managed.