How did capitalism change in the late nineteenth century?

In the late nineteenth century, capitalism underwent significant transformations characterized by the rise of industrialization and the expansion of big business. The shift from small-scale production to large factories led to increased efficiency and mass production, fostering economic growth and urbanization. Additionally, advancements in technology and transportation, such as the railroad, facilitated national and international trade, while the emergence of monopolies and trusts concentrated economic power in the hands of a few corporations. This period also saw the beginnings of labor movements as workers sought better conditions and rights in response to the challenges posed by this new capitalist landscape.