The decline of the Byzantine Empire was attributed to several factors, including military defeats, economic difficulties, and internal strife. The rise of the Ottoman Turks, particularly after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, marked a significant turning point. Additionally, the empire faced challenges from rival powers, such as the Crusaders and various Balkan states, which weakened its territorial control and resources. Social and political fragmentation further exacerbated its decline, leading to its eventual fall.
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