What is lru explain?

LRU, or Least Recently Used, is a cache replacement algorithm that evicts the least recently accessed items when new data needs to be added to a cache. It operates on the principle that data that hasn't been used for the longest time is the least likely to be needed soon. LRU is commonly implemented using data structures like linked lists and hash maps to efficiently track and update the usage of cached items. This approach helps optimize memory usage and improve performance in systems such as databases and web caches.