How do subspecies form?

Subspecies form through a process called speciation, which occurs when populations of a species become geographically or reproductively isolated from one another. Over time, these isolated populations experience different selective pressures and environmental conditions, leading to genetic divergence. This divergence can result in distinct physical, behavioral, or ecological traits, ultimately classifying them as subspecies. Continued isolation and adaptation can further solidify these differences, sometimes leading to the emergence of new species.