What is the rich soil in minerals called?

The rich soil in minerals is commonly referred to as "loam." Loam is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, making it fertile and ideal for agriculture. It retains moisture well while also allowing for good drainage and aeration, providing an optimal environment for plant growth. Additionally, the term "topsoil" may also refer to the nutrient-rich upper layer of soil that is essential for supporting vegetation.