The cities of Pittsburgh Cleveland and Chicago all became major industrial centers in the 19th century. greatly contributed to the growth of these cities?

Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Chicago became major industrial centers in the 19th century due to their strategic locations along key transportation routes, including rivers and railroads, which facilitated the movement of goods and raw materials. The abundance of Natural Resources, such as coal and iron ore in Pittsburgh, along with the Great Lakes proximity for shipping in Cleveland and Chicago, further fueled industrial growth. Additionally, a large influx of immigrants provided a labor force that supported the burgeoning factories and industries. This combination of resources, transportation, and labor led to rapid urbanization and economic expansion in these cities.