What is the lifespan of the European red squirrel?

The lifespan of the European red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris) typically ranges from 3 to 7 years in the wild, although some individuals may live longer under favorable conditions. Factors such as predation, habitat quality, and food availability significantly influence their lifespan. In captivity, red squirrels can live up to 10 years or more due to the absence of predators and consistent food supply.