What will result from too little EGR flow?

Too little Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) flow can lead to increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, as the system is designed to lower combustion temperatures and reduce NOx formation. This can result in poor engine performance, higher fuel consumption, and potential engine knocking. Additionally, insufficient EGR can cause the engine to run less efficiently and may trigger diagnostic trouble codes, leading to check engine light activation.