What is an air vessel and explain its functions?

An air vessel is a device used in hydraulic systems, typically within pumps, to smooth out the flow of liquid and reduce pressure fluctuations. It consists of a chamber that contains air or gas, which acts as a cushion to absorb shocks and minimize pulsations caused by the pumping action. This helps maintain a steady flow, reduces wear on the pump, and enhances overall system efficiency. Additionally, air vessels can prevent cavitation and improve the longevity of hydraulic components.