How do vitamins differ from energy yielding nutrients?

Without being an expert I think energy is, well, the energy that your body needs to carry out its functions (dancing, running jumping, growing, healing, breathing, thinking etc). You get that from carbohydrates (sugars, fats, starches etc). Energy is like the gas you put in a car.

Nutrients are then more like a car tune up, or maybe a car's machinery. They are vitamins, minerals etc, that all play a part in how your body works. In other Words, they are more part of the infrastructure of your body's functions.