The layers of the epidermis, starting from the deepest and moving outward, are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (present only in thick skin), and stratum corneum. The stratum basale contains actively dividing cells, while the stratum spinosum provides strength and flexibility. The stratum granulosum is where keratinization begins, and the stratum corneum consists of dead, flattened cells that provide a protective barrier.
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