What are the concepts of peace arbitration and peace negotiation?

Peace arbitration is a formal process where a neutral third party resolves disputes between conflicting parties by making binding decisions, often based on legal principles. In contrast, peace negotiation involves direct dialogue between conflicting parties aimed at reaching a mutually acceptable agreement, typically without binding authority from a third party. Both processes seek to address underlying issues and foster reconciliation, but they differ in their approach and authority. Arbitration emphasizes resolution through imposed solutions, while negotiation focuses on collaborative problem-solving.