How do you use seismic refraction in oil exploration?

Seismic refraction is used in oil exploration to map subsurface geological structures by analyzing the travel times of seismic waves generated by controlled sources, such as explosions or hammer strikes. As these waves encounter different rock layers, they refract at interfaces, allowing geophysicists to determine layer depths and velocities. This information helps identify potential hydrocarbon reservoirs and assess their characteristics, guiding drilling decisions. By interpreting the refraction data, exploration teams can better understand the geological setting and optimize their exploration strategies.