What are the five most commonly used operating systems in mobiles and how they work?

The five most commonly used mobile operating systems are Android, iOS, Windows Phone, KaiOS, and HarmonyOS. Android, developed by google, is open-source and allows extensive customization, supporting a wide range of devices and applications. iOS, created by Apple, is known for its seamless integration with Apple products and a curated app ecosystem. Windows Phone, though largely discontinued, offered a unique tile-based interface; KaiOS focuses on feature phones with limited internet access, while HarmonyOS is designed for IoT devices and aims to unify various smart devices under one operating system. Each of these operating systems manages hardware resources, provides a user interface, and supports application development.