What were farmers often forced to use as security for their loans in 1889?

In 1889, farmers were often forced to use their crops or livestock as security for loans. This practice was common due to the limited access to credit and the high risks associated with farming, such as fluctuating market prices and harsh weather conditions. By securing loans with their produce or animals, farmers aimed to obtain the necessary funds to sustain their operations, though it put them at significant risk of losing their assets if they were unable to repay the loans.