How does the process of seed sprouting occur and what factors influence the successful germination of a seed?

Seed sprouting occurs when a seed absorbs water and swells, causing the outer shell to crack open. This allows the root to emerge and begin taking in nutrients from the soil. Factors that influence successful germination include water, temperature, oxygen, and light. Adequate moisture, suitable temperature, and proper oxygen levels are essential for the seed to germinate. Light can also play a role in some seeds, triggering the process of germination.