How does teleportation work?

we haven't figured out yet, but in my opinion the most likely way we will is to find a way to break down a person into tiny particles, transmit them quickly over long distances and the reassemble them on the other side.

That is correctish. You would have to transmute the human body into micro particles, send it at lightspeed, and pray you didn't hit ANYTHING the blocks electromagnetic matter or you would likely either explode or bounce off and end up anywhere. The breaking down the human is easy enough, even the sending it is currently possible as far as C.E.R.N. is concerned, but putting the person/ object together on the other side isn't currently possible. But like i said earlier, electromagnetic shielding would bounce off any tiny but highly electrically charged particle (such as light), meaning even if we figure out the assemblement, we still can't get everywhere if someone REALLY wants to stop you