How does a voltage regulator control system voltage?

A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage by adjusting the amount of electrical energy supplied to a load. It compares the output voltage to a reference voltage and uses feedback mechanisms to correct any deviations. If the output voltage rises above the desired level, the regulator reduces the energy supplied; conversely, if it falls below, the regulator increases the supply. This ensures that the system voltage remains stable despite variations in load or input voltage.