What are the similarities between adware and spam?

Adware and spam both serve as unsolicited forms of digital communication that can disrupt user experience. They are often used for advertising purposes, aiming to promote products or services without the user's consent. Both can lead to security risks, such as malware infections or data breaches, and can clutter digital environments, making it difficult for users to navigate. Additionally, both adware and spam can be difficult to remove or filter out, leading to persistent annoyance.