What are the effects of pellagra?

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3) and is characterized by the "three Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. The skin becomes red, scaly, and sensitive to sunlight, while gastrointestinal symptoms can include severe diarrhea. Neurological effects may lead to confusion, memory loss, and, in severe cases, can result in death if untreated. Prompt treatment with niacin supplementation and dietary changes can reverse symptoms.