Hotspots are characterized by volcanic activity that occurs when a plume of hot mantle material rises to the Earth's surface, leading to the formation of features such as shield volcanoes, calderas, and lava plateaus. These features often create islands, like those in the Hawaiian archipelago, as tectonic plates move over the stationary hotspot. Additionally, hotspots can produce geothermal features like geysers and hot springs due to the intense heat from the underlying mantle.
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