Why was the cordoba such an impressive city in the 9th and 10th century?

Cordoba was an impressive city in the 9th and 10th centuries due to its status as a cultural and intellectual center of the Islamic world. Under the Umayyad Caliphate, it boasted remarkable architecture, including the Great Mosque, and became a hub for philosophy, science, and the arts, attracting scholars from diverse backgrounds. Its advanced infrastructure, such as extensive irrigation systems and public libraries, further contributed to its prosperity and urban sophistication. The city's vibrant multicultural atmosphere fostered an environment of innovation and learning, making it a beacon of civilization during that era.