How have scientist learned about plants and animals that lived long ago but are now extinct?

Scientists have learned about extinct plants and animals primarily through the study of fossils, which provide insights into their structure, behavior, and environment. Techniques such as radiometric dating help determine the age of these fossils, while comparative anatomy allows researchers to understand evolutionary relationships. Additionally, molecular analysis of ancient DNA can reveal genetic information, shedding light on the Biology and ecology of these extinct species. Paleoenvironments are reconstructed using sediment analysis, which helps scientists understand the habitats in which these organisms lived.