How do excessive use of fertilizers cause entrophication in water body?

Excessive use of fertilizers leads to nutrient runoff, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, which enter nearby water bodies. This nutrient overload stimulates algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen in the water as they decompose, creating "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot survive. The reduced oxygen levels and increased turbidity from the blooms can disrupt ecosystems and lead to the decline of fish and other aquatic organisms. Ultimately, this process, known as eutrophication, severely impacts water quality and biodiversity.