How does the cacti in Arizona survive?

Cacti in Arizona have adapted to survive in arid conditions through several key features. They possess thick, waxy skins that reduce water loss, and their spines provide shade and deter herbivores. Additionally, cacti have shallow root systems that quickly absorb moisture from rain, and they utilize a unique photosynthesis process called CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) that allows them to open their stomata at night to minimize water loss during the heat of the day.