What officially gave the Supreme Court the responsibility to rule on legislative and executive actions?

The Supreme Court's authority to rule on legislative and executive actions stems from the principle of judicial review, which was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison in 1803. This decision confirmed the Court's power to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds unconstitutional, thereby ensuring that the Constitution remains the supreme law of the land. Judicial review is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution but has become a fundamental component of the American legal system.