What parts of the brain affect smooth muscle?

Smooth muscle is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which is regulated by various brain regions, including the hypothalamus and brainstem. The hypothalamus plays a key role in homeostasis and autonomic functions, while the medulla oblongata and pons in the brainstem help regulate vital functions such as heart rate and digestion, influencing smooth muscle activity in organs. Additionally, the spinal cord contributes to reflex actions that can affect smooth muscle contraction.