What group of outsiders gain control of lower Egypt and part of upper Egypt about 1630 BC?

Around 1630 BC, the Hyksos, a group of foreign rulers of mixed Semitic origin, gained control over Lower Egypt and parts of Upper Egypt. They introduced new technologies, including the horse-drawn chariot and advanced weaponry, which significantly influenced the region. Their rule marked the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt, characterized by a decline in central authority and the eventual rise of native Egyptian dynasties that sought to reclaim power.