Why goiter is most common in female than male?

Goiter is more common in females than males primarily due to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of estrogen on thyroid function. Women are also more susceptible to autoimmune thyroid disorders, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, which can lead to goiter development. Additionally, females may have higher dietary iodine requirements during pregnancy and lactation, increasing their risk if iodine intake is insufficient. These factors combined contribute to the higher prevalence of goiter in women.