The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, had three main components: First, Mexico ceded a vast portion of its northern territories to the United States, including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Second, the U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assume certain claims by American citizens against the Mexican government. Lastly, the treaty established the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico, formalizing the territorial boundaries after the Mexican-American War.
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