Which technique of studying the brain actually damages nuerons?

The technique known as "lesioning" involves deliberately damaging specific areas of the brain to study their functions. This can be done through various methods, such as surgical removal, chemical injections, or the use of electrical currents. While lesioning provides valuable insights into brain function and behavior, it inevitably results in the destruction of neurons within the targeted area. As a result, this method raises ethical concerns regarding the harm inflicted on the brain tissues being studied.