Difference between federal taxes and state taxes?

The United States has several levels of government.

The main national government that has jurisdiction over the entire country is known as the federal government.

Most of the United States is divided into smaller political subdivisions called "states." Examples of states are Florida, California, and Hawaii. These states have their own governments that have jurisdiction over local matters within their boundaries. (The United States also has several territories not located within states that do not have all of the rights of states, but do have their own governments. Examples are the District of Columbia where the federal capital is located, Puerto Rico, and Guam.)

A tax imposed by action of the federal government is called a federal tax.

A tax imposed by action of a state government is called a state tax.