After the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896, which upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, the South experienced a period of economic growth, particularly in industries like textiles and manufacturing. However, this growth was often accompanied by the entrenchment of Jim Crow laws, which further institutionalized racial discrimination. While some infrastructure improvements occurred, such as railroads and schools, these were predominantly for white citizens, leaving African Americans marginalized. Overall, the South's improvement was uneven and largely benefited the white population while perpetuating systemic inequalities.
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