How did plants grow on surtsey?

Plants on Surtsey, a volcanic island off the southern coast of Iceland, began to grow after the island emerged from the sea in 1967. The initial colonization was facilitated by the arrival of wind and bird-dispersed seeds. Over time, these seeds germinated in the island's nutrient-rich volcanic soil, aided by its unique microclimate. The gradual establishment of vegetation has contributed to the island's ecological succession, allowing for a diverse range of plant species to thrive.