What battles proved to signify the turning points of the Civil War?

The Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863 is often considered a turning point of the Civil War, as it marked the first significant defeat for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, halting his invasion of the North. Additionally, the Siege of Vicksburg, which culminated in July 1863, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy. Together, these victories bolstered Union morale and strategy, shifting the momentum in favor of the North.